LESSON 2: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science focused on creating systems and machines that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. These tasks include learning from experience, reasoning, problem-solving, understanding natural language, perceiving and interpreting sensory information, and making decisions.

AI systems use algorithms and data to recognize patterns, make predictions, and carry out complex operations without explicit human instructions at every step. There are different levels of AI, ranging from narrow AI, which is designed to perform a specific task (like voice recognition or image classification), to general AI, which would have the ability to perform any intellectual task that a human can do, though this level of AI does not yet exist.

The following are features of AI:

1. To lesson human engagement by automating certain tasks usually requiring long hours of human effort
2. To provide a more secure alternative to consistency and quality assurance by eliminating human involvement and error
3. To ease the burden of analyzing vast amount of data, identify patterns, make predictions and automate complex process

AI DAILY:

1. All social media platforms use artificial intelligence to ensure that your news Feed is most relevant to you.
2. Music and video streaming apps use AI to recommend contents base on your profile and search history.
3. Emails and Chatbots use AI text and sentence history to provide auto suggestions to predict what you want to say.
4. AI applications works with your phone Camera’s settings to automatically calibrates captures.
5. LinkedIn uses AI program to analyze your professional profile in detail and identifies the most relevant offers.
6. Google maps & cap apps uses AI with available data to provide real-time location of buses, weather changes, traffic info, and pairing clients with drivers.

WHAT AI IS NOT?

1. AI applications are not copies of the human brain, instead, inspired by it.
2. They are not similar or equivalent to human intelligence.
3. AI programs are not best at everything. They are heavily specialized and efficient at performing particular tasks.
4. AI is yet to master the ability to apply judgment.
5. AI does not have the capacity for emotion, empathy or humor, although, it can appear to portray these traits.
6. AI programs are not conscious, neither do they have feelings.
7. AI models’ behavior and purpose depend on how humans design them.
8. AI is a product of human intelligence and not a substitute.

TYPES OF AI:

1. Narrow AI: Also known as weak AI is designed to perform specific tasks within a limited domain such as:-
   • Voice Assistants
   • Recommendation systems
   • Image recognition Software
   • Autonomous Vehicles
2. General AI: known as strong AI is an advanced feature of AI anticipated by IT experts. Unlike few years ago when the possibility of General AI was in serious contest, the possibility of AI system that possess human liked intelligence with the ability to understand, learn and apply knowledge is very glaring now.

COMPONENTS OF AI:

There are 7 different components of AI, which work together to create systems and applications with the ability to reason, learn and interact with the environment like humans.

• MACHINE LEARNING (ML): A subset of AI that focuses on algorithms and statistical models that enable machines to learn from existing data and make predictions or decisions.
• DEEP LEARNING: A subfield of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks with multiple layers to model and understand complex terms in data.
• NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP):- NLP enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. It involves tasks such as speech recognitions, language translation, sentiment analysis, and text generation
• COMPUTER VISION: Focus on enabling machines to understand and interpret visual information from images or videos. It involves tasks such as; objects detection, image classification and segmentation and video analysis.
• EXPERT SYSTEM: A subset of AI that emulate human expertise in a specific domain. They use knowledge bases and inference engines made available by machine learning to reason and make decisions such as medical diagnosis or financial analysis.
• ROBOTICS: A subset of AI that combines AI with physical systems to create machines that can interact with the physical world. Robots are equipped with AI algorithms and techniques to perceive their environment, make decisions and perform physical tasks. Robotics has application in manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture and exploration, among others.
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION & REASONING: A subset of AI that service all the other components using;
  • Knowledge Presentation Techniques such as; ontologies, semantic networks, knowledge graphs and
  • Reasoning Techniques such as; logical influence, deduction and probabilistic reasoning to derives new knowledge or make decisions based on existing knowledge.

CATEGORIES OF AI TOOLS:

There are more than a thousand AI tools that have been launched. Some are as far back as 2011 while many others are very recent. These utility tools are all open to the public for use except in few cases. The tools cut across various fields and craft, let’s take a broad look at the various categories:

1. TEXT & WRITING TOOLS:
   • Copywriting – 179 tools
   • Small Assistant – 118 tools
   • General writing – 237 tools
   • Paraphraser – 27 tools
   • Story teller – 67 tools
   • Summarizer – 143 tools
2. IMAGES & DESIGN
   • Art – 102 tools
   • Avatars – 92 tools
   • Design Assistant – 139 tools
   • Image Editing – 109 tools
   • Image Generator – 207 tools
   • Logo Generator – 16 tools
   • Design – 10 tools
3. AUDIO & MUSIC
   • Audio Editing – 45 tools
   • Music – 78 tools
   • Text to Speech – 74 tools
   • Transciber – 88 tools
4. VIDEO & AMINATION
   • Personalized video – 15 tools
   • Video editing – 59 tools
   • Video Generator – 77 tools
   • 3D Animation – 52 tools
5. MARKETING & SALES
   • SEO- 120 tools
   • Social Media Assistant – 173 tools
   • E-commerce – 50 tools
   • Sales – 123 tools
   • Marketing – 10 tools
   • Email Marketing – 11 tools
6. LIFESTYLE & ENTERTAINMENT
   • Fashion – 18tools
   • Real Estate – 24 tools
   • Fun & Comedy – 179 tools
   • Gaming – 48 tools
   • Healthcare – 60 tools
   • Gift Ideas – 26 tools
   • Life Assistant – 255 tools
   • Memory – 16 tools
   • Fitness- 19 tools
   • Travel – 47 tools
   • Dating – 36 tools
   • Religion – 11 tools
   • AI Meme – 5 tools
7. DEVELOPMENT & IT
   • Prompts – 120 TOOLS
   • Code Assistant – 114 tools
   • Developer – 220 tools
   • Low-code/ No-code – 135 tools
   • Spreadsheet – 49 tools
   • SQL – 38 tools
   • Testing & QA – 11 tools
8. BUSINESS & ADMINISTRATION
   • Customer service
   • Finance – 65 tools
   • Human Resource – 117 tools
   • Legal Assistant – 26 tools
   • Presentations – 30 tools
   • Production – 363 tools
   • Start-up – 143 tools
9. EDUCATION & INFORMATION
   • Education Assistant – 192 tools
   • Experiment – 31 tools
   • Research – 122 tools
   • Resources – 69 tools
   • AI Search Engines – 97 tools